Titanosauria
Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Sauropoda Titanosauria [Herbivore]
Lydekker, 1885. By far the predominant sauropods in the Late Cretaceous, Titanosaurids have been found troughout the world.
Titanosaurs represent approximately one-third of sauropod diversity and were geographically widespread throughout the Cretaceous, especially on southern continents. Titanosaurs evolved numerous appendicular synapomorphies that account for their specialised ’wide-gauge’ limb posture, which can be recognised in their trackways. The macronarian origin of titanosaurs is only recently agreed upon and aspects of their inter-relationships remain poorly understood. Titanosauria is named for the poorly known genus Titanosaurus, whichwas coined by Lydekker in 1877 on the basis of a partial femur and two incomplete caudal vertebrae. Fourteen species have since been referred to Titanosaurus, which distribute the genus across Argentina, Europe, Madagascar, India and Laos, and throughout 60million years of the Cretaceous. Despite its centrality to titanosaur systematics and biogeography, the genus Titanosaurus has never been revised. A re-evaluation of all Titanosaurus species recognises as diagnostic only .ve. The type species T. indicus is invalid because it is based on ’obsolescent’ characters - once diagnostic features that have gained abroader taxonomic distributionover time. Consequently, the genus Titanosaurus and its co-ordinated rank-taxa (e.g. Titanosaurinae, Titanosauridae, Titanosauroidea) must be abandoned. The unranked taxon Titanosauria, however, remains valid. A new phylogenetic taxonomy is proposed for Titanosauria that utilises nodes that have been judged stable by themost recent cladistic analyses. The early appearance of titanosaur ichnofossils (Middle Jurassic) and body fossils (Late Jurassic) precludes a vicariant origin for the group, but such a pattern cannot yet be ruled out for lower-level taxa within Titanosauria. (Wilson & Upchurch 2003)
Time-Geolist - Alfabetic list
Jurassic Late
England
Duriatitan humerocristatus - Kimmerdige Clay
Tanzania
Janenschia
Gigantosaurus robusta - Tendaguru Beds
Janenschia robusta - Tendaguru Beds
Pakistan
Brohisaurus kirthari - Kirthar foldbelt
Cretaceous Early
England
Macrurosaurus semnus - Cambridge Green sand Formations, Wealden Beds, Isle of Wight
Acanthopholis platypus (2) - Cambridge Green sand Formations
Titanosaurus lydekkeri? - Wealden Beds, Isle of Wight
Spain
Tastavinsaurus sanzi - Xert Formation
US
Astrodon
Astrodon altus - Arundel Formation, Maryland
Astrodon johnstoni - Arundel Formation, Maryland
Astrodon nanus - Arundel Formation, Maryland
Astrodonius
Astrodontaurus
Pleurocoelus altus - Arundel Formation, Maryland
Pleurocoelus nanus - Arundel Formation, Maryland
Paluxysaurus jonesi - Twin Mountains Formation, Texas
Rugocaudia cooneyi - Cloverly Formation, Montana
Argentina
Cretaceous Early Argentina
Agustinia ligabuei - Lohan Cura Formation
Amargatitanis macni - La Amarga Formation
Andesaurus delgadoi - Rio Limay Formation
Argentinosaurus huinculensis - Rio Limay Formation
Bonitasaura salgadoi - Bajo de la Carpa Formation
Ligabuesaurus leanzai - Lohan Cura Formation, Neuquén, Patagonia
Rocasaurus muniozi - Allen Formation
Brazil
Tapuiasaurus macedoi - Quiricó Formation
Egypt
Aegyptosaurus baharijensis - Baharija Formation
Malawi
Janenschia
Gigantosaurus dixeyi - Chiweta Beds
Janenschia dixeyi
Malawisaurus dixeyi
Tornieria dixeyi - Chiweta Beds
Niger
Aegyptosaurus baharijensis - Farak Formation
China
Daxiatitan binglingi - Lanzhou Basin, Hekou Group
Dongbeititan dongi - Jehol Group, Beipiao, Liaoning
Gobititan shenzhouensis - Gongpoquan Basin
Fusuisaurus zhaoi - Napai Formation
Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis - Lanzhou Basin
Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis - Jinhua Formation
Japan
Fukuititan nipponensis - Kitadani Formation
Mongolia
Erketu ellisoni - Bor Guvé
Laos
Tangvayosaurus hoffeti - Grès supérieurs Formation
Australia
Diamantinasaurus matildae - Winton Formation
Cretaceous Late
France
Ampelosaurus atacis - Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation, Bellevue bonebed
Atsinganosaurus velauciensis - Velaux-La Bastide Neuve, Aix-en-Provence Basin
Hypselosaurus
Hypselosaurus priscus - Gres de Labarre, Gres de Saint-Chinian, Couches de Rognac, Gres a Reptiles
Isisaurus colberti
Titanosaurus indicus - Gres a Reptiles
Romania
Magyarosaurus
Magyarosaurus dacus - Sinpetru Beds
Magyarosaurus hungaricus - Sinpetru Beds
Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus - Sinpetru Beds
Titanosaurus dacus - Sinpetru Beds
Paludititan nalatzensis - Hateg Basin
Spain
Hypselosaurus
Hypselosaurus sp. - Unnamed unit, Province of Soria, unnamed unit, Province of Lerida
Isisaurus colberti
Titanosaurus indicus - Unnamed unit Lleida
Lirainosaurus astibiae
US
Alamosaurus sanjuanensis - Kirtland Formation, New Mexico, North Horn Formation, Utah, Javelina Formation, El Picacho Formation, Texas
Argentina
Aeolosaurus rionegrinus - Los Alamitos Formation
Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis - Bajo Barreal Formation
Andesaurus delgadoi - Rio Limay Formation
Antarctosaurus
Antarctosaurus giganteus - Rio Neuquen Formation
Argentinosaurus huinculensis - Rio Limay Formation
Argyrosaurus superbus - Castillo Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation, Laguna Palacios Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation, unnamed unit, Santa Cruz
Barrosasaurus casamiquelai - Anacleto Formation
Bonatitan reigi - Rio Colorado Formation
Drusilasaura deseadensis - Bajo Barreal Formation
Elaltitan lilloi - Bajo Barreal Formation
Epachthosaurus sciuttoi - Bajo Barreal Formation
Futalognkosaurus dukei - Portezuelo Formation
Laplatasaurus araukanicus - Castillo Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation, Laguna Palacios Formation, Los Blanquitos Formation
Malarguesaurus florenciae - Portezuelo Formation
Mendozasaurus neguyelap - Rio Neuquen Formation
Narambuenatitan palomoi - Anacleto Formation
Neuquensaurus australis - Rio Colorado Formation
Saltasaurus australis - Rio Colorado Formation
Nopcsaspondylus alarconensis - Candeleros Formation
Panamericansaurus schroederi - Allen Formation
Pellegrinisaurus powelli - Rio Colorado Formation
Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi - Plottier Formation
Pitekunsaurus macayai - Anacleto Formation
Puertasaurus reuili - Pari Ake Formation
Rinconsaurus caudamirus - Rio Neuquen Formation
Rocasaurus muniozi - Allen Formation
Saltasaurus
Loricosaurus scutatus - Rio Colorado Formation
Microcoelus patagonicus - Rio Colorado Formation
Saltasaurus australis - Asencio Formation
Saltasaurus loricatus - Lecho Formation
Saltasaurus robustus - Rio Colorado Formation
Titanosaurus nanus - Rio Colorado Formation
Traukutitan eocaudata - Bajo de la Carpa Formation
Brazil
Adamantisaurus mezzalirai - Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin
Antarctosaurus
Antarctosaurus brasiliensis - Bauru Basin
Antarctosaurus wichmannianus - Castillo Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation, Laguna Palacios Formation, Rio Colorado Formation, Rio Neuquen Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation
Baurutitan britoi - Bauru Basin
Gondwanatitan faustoi - Bauru Basin
Trigonosaurus pricei - Bauru Basin
Uberabatitan ribeiroi - Marilia Formation, Basin, Brazil
Chile
Antarctosaurus
Antarctosaurus wichmannianus - Vinitas Formation
Atacamatitan chilensis - Tolar Formation
Urugay
Antarctosaurus
Antarctosaurus wichmannianus - Asencio Formation
Argyrosaurus superbus - Asencio Formation
Laplatasaurus araukanicus - Asencio Formation
Saltasaurus
Saltasaurus australis - Asencio Formation
Angola
Angolatitan adamastor - Itombe Formation
Egypt
Aegyptosaurus baharijensis - Baharija Formation
Paralititan stromeri - Baharija Formation
Madagascar
Isisaurus colberti
Titanosaurus indicus - Gres de Maevarano
Titanosaurus madagascariensis - Gres de Maevarano
Rapetosaurus krausei - Gres de Maevarano
Niger
Aegyptosaurus baharijensis - Farak Formation
China
Baotianmansaurus henaensis - Gaogou Formation
Borealosaurus wimani - Sunjiawin Formation, Liaoning
Dongyangosaurus sinensis - Fangyang Formation
Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis -- Lanzhou Basin
Huanghetitan ruyangensis - Mangchuan Formation
Quingxiusaurus youjiangensis -
Ruyangosaurus giganteus - Mangchuan Formation,
Sonidosaurus saihangaobiensis - Erlian Formation
India
Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi - Kallamedu Formation
Isisaurus colberti - Lameta Formation
Antarctosaurus septentrionalis - Lameta Formation
Jainosaurus septentrionalis - Lameta Formation
Titanosaurus blanfordi - Lameta Formation
Titanosaurus colberti - Lameta Formation
Titanosaurus indicus - Lameta Formation, Aviyalur Group
Titanosaurus madagascariensis - Lameta Formation
Lametasaurus indicus (3) -
Kazakhstan
Antarctosaurus jaxartensis\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" - Dabrazinskaya Svita
Mongolia
Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii - Nemegt Formation
Pakistan
Balochisaurus malkani - Pab Formation
Khetranisaurus barkhani - Pab Formation
Marisaurus jeffi - Pab Formation
Pakisaurus balochistani- Pab Formation
Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi - Pab Formation
Russia
Arkharavia heterocoelica - Udurchukan Formation
Nomen Nudem: Domeykosaurus chilensis; Muyelensaurus pecheni