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Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Sauropoda Titanosauria [Herbivore] Lydekker, 1885. By far the predominant sauropods in the Late Cretaceous, Titanosaurids have been found troughout the world. Titanosaurs represent approximately one-third of sauropod diversity and were geographically widespread throughout the Cretaceous, especially on southern continents. Titanosaurs evolved numerous appendicular synapomorphies that account for their specialised 'wide-gauge' limb posture, which can be recognised in their trackways. The macronarian origin of titanosaurs is only recently agreed upon and aspects of their inter-relationships remain poorly understood. Titanosauria is named for the poorly known genus Titanosaurus, whichwas coined by Lydekker in 1877 on the basis of a partial femur and two incomplete caudal vertebrae. Fourteen species have since been referred to Titanosaurus, which distribute the genus across Argentina, Europe, Madagascar, India and Laos, and throughout 60million years of the Cretaceous. Despite its centrality to titanosaur systematics and biogeography, the genus Titanosaurus has never been revised. A re-evaluation of all Titanosaurus species recognises as diagnostic only .ve. The type species T. indicus is invalid because it is based on 'obsolescent' characters - once diagnostic features that have gained abroader taxonomic distributionover time. Consequently, the genus Titanosaurus and its co-ordinated rank-taxa (e.g. Titanosaurinae, Titanosauridae, Titanosauroidea) must be abandoned. The unranked taxon Titanosauria, however, remains valid. A new phylogenetic taxonomy is proposed for Titanosauria that utilises nodes that have been judged stable by themost recent cladistic analyses. The early appearance of titanosaur ichnofossils (Middle Jurassic) and body fossils (Late Jurassic) precludes a vicariant origin for the group, but such a pattern cannot yet be ruled out for lower-level taxa within Titanosauria. (Wilson & Upchurch 2003) Time-Geolist - Alfabetic list
Jurassic Late Tanzania Janenschia
Gigantosaurus robusta - Tendaguru Beds Janenschia robusta - Tendaguru Beds
Pakistan Brohisaurus kirthari - Kirthar foldbelt
Cretaceous Early England Macrurosaurus semnus - Cambridge Green sand Formations, Wealden Beds, Isle of Wight
Acanthopholis platypus (2) - Cambridge Green sand Formations ?Titanosaurus lydekkeri - Wealden Beds, Isle of Wight
Spain Tastavinsaurus sanzi - Xert Formation
US Astrodon Astrodon altus - Arundel Formation, Maryland Astrodon johnstoni - Arundel Formation, Maryland Astrodon nanus - Arundel Formation, Maryland Astrodonius
Astrodontaurus
Pleurocoelus altus - Arundel Formation, Maryland Pleurocoelus nanus - Arundel Formation, Maryland
Paluxysaurus jonesi - Twin Mountains Formation, Texas
Argentina Amargatitanis macni - La Amarga Formation Andesaurus delgadoi - Rio Limay Formation Argentinosaurus huinculensis - Rio Limay Formation Bonitasaura salgadoi - Bajo de la Carpa Formation Ligabuesaurus leanzai - Lohan Cura Formation, Neuquén, Patagonia Rocasaurus muniozi - Allen Formation
Egypt Aegyptosaurus baharijensis - Baharija Formation
Malawi Janenschia
Gigantosaurus dixeyi - Chiweta Beds Janenschia dixeyi Malawisaurus dixeyi Tornieria dixeyi - Chiweta Beds
Niger Aegyptosaurus baharijensis - Farak Formation
China Daxiatitan binglingi - Lanzhou Basin, Hekou Group
Dongbeititan dongi - Jehol Group, Beipiao, Liaoning Gobititan shenzhouensis - Gongpoquan Basin Fusuisaurus zhaoi - Napai Formation Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis - Lanzhou Basin Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis - Jinhua Formation
Japan Fukuititan nipponensis - Kitadani Formation
Mongolia Erketu ellisoni - Bor Guvé
Laos Tangvayosaurus hoffeti - Grès supérieurs Formation
Australia
Diamantinasaurus matildae - Winton Formation
Cretaceous Late France Ampelosaurus atacis - Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation, Bellevue bonebed
Hypselosaurus Hypselosaurus priscus - Gres de Labarre, Gres de Saint-Chinian, Couches de Rognac, Gres a Reptiles Isisaurus colberti
Titanosaurus indicus - Gres a Reptiles
Romania Magyarosaurus Magyarosaurus dacus - Sinpetru Beds Magyarosaurus hungaricus - Sinpetru Beds Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus - Sinpetru Beds Titanosaurus dacus - Sinpetru Beds
Spain Hypselosaurus
Hypselosaurus sp. - Unnamed unit, Province of Soria, unnamed unit, Province of Lerida
Isisaurus colberti
Titanosaurus indicus - Unnamed unit Lleida Lirainosaurus astibiae
US Alamosaurus sanjuanensis - Kirtland Formation, New Mexico, North Horn Formation, Utah, Javelina Formation, El Picacho Formation, Texas
Argentina Aeolosaurus rionegrinus - Los Alamitos Formation
Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis - Bajo Barreal Formation
Andesaurus delgadoi - Rio Limay Formation Antarctosaurus
Antarctosaurus giganteus - Rio Neuquen Formation
Argentinosaurus huinculensis - Rio Limay Formation Argyrosaurus superbus - Castillo Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation, Laguna Palacios Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation, unnamed unit, Santa Cruz Barrosasaurus casamiquelai - Anacleto Formation Bonatitan reigi - Rio Colorado Formation Epachthosaurus sciuttoi - Bajo Barreal Formation Futalognkosaurus dukei - Portezuelo Formation Laplatasaurus araukanicus - Castillo Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation, Laguna Palacios Formation, Los Blanquitos Formation Malarguesaurus florenciae - Portezuelo Formation Mendozasaurus neguyelap - Rio Neuquen Formation Neuquensaurus australis - Rio Colorado Formation Saltasaurus australis [*] - Rio Colorado Formation
Nopcsaspondylus alarconensis - Candeleros Formation Pellegrinisaurus powelli - Rio Colorado Formation Pitekunsaurus macayai - Anacleto Formation Puertasaurus reuili - Pari Ake Formation Rinconsaurus caudamirus - Rio Neuquen Formation Rocasaurus muniozi - Allen Formation Saltasaurus Loricosaurus scutatus - Rio Colorado Formation Microcoelus patagonicus - Rio Colorado Formation Saltasaurus australis [*] - Asencio Formation Saltasaurus loricatus - Lecho Formation Saltasaurus robustus - Rio Colorado Formation Titanosaurus nanus - Rio Colorado Formation
Brazil Adamantisaurus mezzalirai - Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin
Antarctosaurus Antarctosaurus brasiliensis - Bauru Basin Antarctosaurus wichmannianus - Castillo Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation, Laguna Palacios Formation, Rio Colorado Formation, Rio Neuquen Formation, Bajo Barreal Formation
Baurutitan britoi - Bauru Basin Gondwanatitan faustoi - Bauru Basin Trigonosaurus pricei - Bauru Basin Uberabatitan ribeiroi - Marilia Formation, Basin, Brazil
Chile Antarctosaurus
Antarctosaurus wichmannianus - Vinitas Formation
Urugay Antarctosaurus Antarctosaurus wichmannianus - Asencio Formation
Argyrosaurus superbus - Asencio Formation Laplatasaurus araukanicus - Asencio Formation Saltasaurus Saltasaurus australis [*] - Asencio Formation
Egypt Aegyptosaurus baharijensis - Baharija Formation
Paralititan stromeri - Baharija Formation
Madagascar Isisaurus colberti
Titanosaurus indicus - Gres de Maevarano Titanosaurus madagascariensis - Gres de Maevarano
Rapetosaurus krausei - Gres de Maevarano
Niger Aegyptosaurus baharijensis - Farak Formation
China Baotianmansaurus henaensis - Gaogou Formation Borealosaurus wimani - Sunjiawin Formation, Liaoning Dongyangosaurus sinensis - Fangyang Formation Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis -- Lanzhou Basin Huanghetitan ruyangensis - Mangchuan Formation Quingxiusaurus youjiangensis - Ruyangosaurus giganteus - Mangchuan Formation, Sonidosaurus saihangaobiensis - Erlian Formation
India Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi - Kallamedu Formation
Isisaurus colberti - Lameta Formation Antarctosaurus septentrionalis - Lameta Formation Jainosaurus septentrionalis - Lameta Formation Titanosaurus blanfordi - Lameta Formation Titanosaurus colberti - Lameta Formation
Titanosaurus indicus - Lameta Formation, Aviyalur Group Titanosaurus madagascariensis - Lameta Formation Lametasaurus indicus (3) -
Kazakhstan "Antarctosaurus jaxartensis" - Dabrazinskaya Svita
Mongolia Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii - Nemegt Formation
Pakistan Balochisaurus malkani - Pab Formation Khetranisaurus barkhani - Pab Formation Marisaurus jeffi - Pab Formation Pakisaurus balochistani - Pab Formation Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi - Pab Formation RussiaArkharavia heterocoelica - Udurchukan Formation
Nomen Nudem: Domeykosaurus chilensis; Muyelensaurus pecheni;
Time-Geolist - Alfabetic list Acanthopholis platypus (2) Adamantisaurus mezzalirai
Aegyptosaurus baharijensis Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis Aeolosaurus rionegrinus
Alamosaurus sanjuanensis
Amargatitanis macni Ampelosaurus atacis
Andesaurus delgadoi Antarctosaurus Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Antarctosaurus giganteus "Antarctosaurus jaxartensis"
Antarctosaurus septentrionalis
Antarctosaurus wichmannianus
Argentinosaurus huinculensis Arkharavia heterocoelica
Astrodon
Astrodon altus Astrodon johnstoni Astrodon nanus Astrodonius
Astrodontaurus Balochisaurus malkani Baotianmansaurus henaensis Barrosasaurus casamiquelai
Baurutitan britoi
Bonatitan reigi
Bonitasaura salgadoi Borealosaurus wimani
Brohisaurus kirthari Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi Daxiatitan binglingi Diamantinasaurus matildae
Dongbeititan dongi Dongyangosaurus sinensis
Epachthosaurus sciuttoi
Erketu ellisoni Fukuititan nipponensis
Fusuisaurus zhaoi Futalognkosaurus dukei
Gigantosaurus dixeyi
Gigantosaurus robusta Gobititan shenzhouensis Gondwanatitan faustoi
Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis Huanghetitan ruyangensis
Hypselosaurus Hypselosaurus priscus Hypselosaurus sp.
Isisaurus colberti Jainosaurus septentrionalis
Janenschia Janenschia dixeyi
Janenschia robusta Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis Khetranisaurus barkhani
Laplatasaurus araukanicus
Ligabuesaurus leanzai Lirainosaurus astibiae Loricosaurus scutatus
Magyarosaurus
Magyarosaurus dacus Magyarosaurus hungaricus Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus Malarguesaurus florenciae
Malawisaurus dixeyi
Macrurosaurus semnus Marisaurus jeffi
Mendozasaurus neguyelap Microcoelus patagonicus Neuquensaurus australis Nopcsaspondylus alarconensis Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii Pakisaurus balochistani
Paluxysaurus jonesi Paralititan stromeri Pellegrinisaurus powelli Pitekunsaurus macayai
Pleurocoelus altus
Pleurocoelus nanus Puertasaurus reuili Quingxiusaurus youjiangensis
Rapetosaurus krausei
Rinconsaurus caudamirus
Rocasaurus muniozi Ruyangosaurus giganteus
Saltasaurus Saltasaurus australis Saltasaurus loricatus Saltasaurus robustus Sonidosaurus saihangaobiensis Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi
Tangvayosaurus hoffeti Tastavinsaurus sanzi
Titanosaurus colberti
Titanosaurus blanfordi
Titanosaurus dacus
Titanosaurus indicus
Titanosaurus lydekkeri Titanosaurus madagascariensis
Titanosaurus nanus
Tornieria dixeyi Trigonosaurus pricei Uberabatitan ribeiroi
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